The Finance Act, 2022 introduced India's first dedicated tax regime for Virtual Digital Assets (VDAs) through Sections 2(47A), 115BBH and 194S of the Income-tax Act, 1961. The framework was designed to tax income arising from the transfer of cryptocurrencies, NFTs and similar digital assets.
However, the growing popularity of crypto futures and options traded on offshore exchanges has created an interpretational challenge. Unlike spot crypto transactions, many derivative contracts are cash-settled, meaning parties pay or receive only the price difference without acquiring, delivering or transferring the underlying cryptocurrency.
This raises a crucial question: should profits from cash-settled crypto derivatives be taxed under the special VDA regime of Section 115BBH, or under the ordinary provisions relating to business income and speculative transactions? The answer has significant tax implications because the two regimes operate differently.