Friday, 28 December 2018

Appellate authority upholds GST advance ruling in case of Columbia Asia - Cost of employees at head office to be cross charged to other branches


This is to update you with a recent ruling of the Karnataka Appellate Authority for Advance Ruling (‘AAAR’), in which advance ruling pronounced by Karnataka Authority for Advance Ruling (‘AAR’), in the matter of M/s Columbia Asia Hospitals Pvt. Ltd (‘Company/ Appellant’) has been upheld by the AAAR.

The AAR had held that the services of the employees at the corporate office, which benefit the other units of the Company, will be treated as a deemed supply of service in terms of entry 2 of Schedule I of the Central Goods and Service tax Act, 2017 (‘CGST Act’).   



We have provided below a synopsis of the same for your ease of reference –

1.         Facts

·                The Appellant provides health care services by operating a chain of modem hospitals across Asia, presently operates across six different states, including Karnataka.

·                The Appellant has its India Management Office (‘IMO’) in Karnataka, which performs the following activities:

-     Activities like accounting, administration and maintenance of IT System are carried out by the employees stationed at IMO which benefits other units of the Company;

-     Since these services are used for the entity as a whole, the cost of such services is attributable to all registered persons located in other states;

-     Accordingly, the Appellant is discharging IGST on the expenses proportionately attributable to the other units located outside the State of Karnataka, treating the same as taxable supplies;

-     Further, in respect of employee cost, apportionment is not carried out by the Company treating the same as activities carried out by employees in the course of or in relation to his employment which does not amount to supply of service.

·                The Appellant had filed an application before AAR seeking a ruling on the following question:

“Whether the activities performed by the employees at the Corporate Office in the course of or in relation to employment, such as accounting, other administrative and IT System Maintenance for the units located in the other states as well i.e. distinct persons as per Section 25(4) of the Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017 (('GST Act) shall be treated as supply as per Entry 2 of Schedule I of the CGST Act or it shall not be treated as supply of Service as per Entry 1 of Schedule III of the CGST Act?”

2.         Ruling of AAR and contentions of Appellant before the AAAR

·                The AAR had held that:

-     IMO and other units located in different states are to be treated as related persons;

-     Accounts and management done by the IMO for the individual units located both within the State and outside the State, shall qualify as supply of services from the IMO;

-     Employer-employee relationship exists only in IMO – hence, the employees in IMO have no employer-employee relationship with other units located in different states.

·                The Appellant aggrieved by the AR, filed an appeal before AAAR on the following grounds:

-     AAR erred in holding that activities carried out by the employees at IMO, in the course of or in relation to employment which indirectly benefits distinct person i.e. other units, shall be treated as supply as per Entry 2 of Schedule of CGST Act, 2017

§  Functions and duties of an employee cannot be restricted to employment with the registered person merely on account of the location from where he renders his service;

§  Employer-employee relationship exist between the employee and legal entity i.e. the Company as a whole.

-     The Appellant had adopted the cross charge mechanism for allocating the other expenses on the basis of proportionate turnover instead of following the Input Service Distributor (ISD) route, which is squarely applicable in this case – hence mere allocation of expenses would not entail that there has been a supply of service by the IMO to its units.

-     Further, reliance was placed on the following judgements given by the Tribunal in relation to services rendered by the employees towards accounting and other administrative functions pertaining to other units

§  Franco India Pharmaceutical (P) Ltd Vs CST Mumbai [2016 (42)S.T.T.1057 (Tri-Mumbai)]

In this case, the Hon'ble Tribunal in its order held that the service rendered by an employee to either one employer or many as in case of joint employment cannot make any difference to the tax treatments of the emoluments earned by the employee.

§  Milind Kulkarni Vs CCE, Pune [2016 (441 STR.71(Tri-Mumbai)]

In this case, it was held that the activity of the head office and branch are thus inextricably enmeshed, such that employees of head office are the employees of the organization itself. Hence, there is no independent existence of the overseas branch as a business, and the economic survival of the branch is entirely dependent on finance provided by the head office.

Hence, even in a case where flow of funds take place from Head Office to Branch, mere apportionment of employee cost can't be construed as service and employees are the employee of the organization itself.

3.         Ruling of AAAR

·                The Appellant is providing service to other units i.e. distinct person, of the Company by way of carrying out activities such as accounting, administrative work etc., with use of the services of the employees of the IMO

-     Such activities to be treated as supply in terms of Entry 2 of Schedule I read with Section 7 of the CGST Act, 2017

·                It was observed that undoubtedly, an individual is employed by the entity and serves the organisation, but the employees stationed at the location of a particular establishment of a distinct person are deemed to be rendering their services only to that establishment of a distinct person, and not to any other distinct person.

-     The said activity will not be termed as 'employee-employer relationship' and will therefore not fall within the purview of entry 1 to Schedule III;

-     Hence, the services of the employees at the IMO are to be considered as a 'supply of service' by one distinct person to another and is liable to GST;

·                In the ISD concept, only ITC on input services which are attributable to other distinct entities are distributable. However, in a cross charge mechanism, all expenses incurred by a distinct person for the purpose of carrying out activities the outcome of which benefits other distinct persons is required to be cross charged

-       In the instant case, the issue is not regarding the distribution of ITC by the IMO, and IMO provides a taxable service to the distinct units – hence, cross charge mechanism has to be followed in the instant case, as per which all expenses incurred by a distinct person is required to be cross charged.

-     The cost of employees working in the IMO is an integral part of the cost of the services rendered by the IMO to other distinct units of the Company – hence, the same needs to be included in the valuation of cross charge of expenses.

·                Case laws relied upon by the Appellant are not be applicable to the matter at hand since they were rendered in the context of the Service Tax law.

4.          TBM comments

·                The AAR had created enough ripples across the industry on the issue of valuation while cross charging expenses between related/ distinct persons.

·                The instant AAAR ruling although observes that an individual is employed by the entity and serves the organisation, it has upheld the decision of AAR by restricting the employer-employee relationship between the employee and the location of the registered person (where the employee is providing employment service).

·                Hence, in cases where the full input tax credit is not available to the recipient, and the open market value of transactions between related parties and distinct persons is subject to validation, the issue of inclusion of employee costs and impact thereof needs to be evaluated in detail before carrying out the cross charge of expenses.

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